THE FOLLOWING ABBREVIATIONS ARE USED——
m., f., n., masculine, feminine, neuter (noun is implied).
a., g., d., i., accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental.
sg., pl., singular, plural.
aj. adjective; av. adverb; prn. pronoun; num. numeral; cj. Conjunction; prp. preposition.
cp. comparative; sp. superlative; indecl. indeclinable; correl. Correlative.
v. verb; sv. strong verb; wv. weak verb; ppv. preterite-present verb.
pret. preterite; pres. pt. present participle; p. pt. past participle; sbj. subjunctive.
tr. transitive; int. intransitive; rfl. reflexive; impers. impersonal.
Words in parentheses are latin originals (l.), or cognate o.e. words.
Please note that all runes have been replaced with standard alphabetic characters, thus ash = ae, thorn = th and eth = th.
A
a av.—— (for) ever.
abbod m.—— abbot (l. abbatem).
abiodan sv. with d.—— announce.
abitan sv.—— devour.
ablendan wv.—— blind.
abugan sv.—— bend, swerve, turn; submit.
ac f.—— oak.
ac cj.—— but; and.
acennan wv.—— bear (child).
acolian wv.—— grow cold.
acwellan wv.—— kill.
acwencan wv.—— extinguish.
adrincan sv.—— be drowned.
ae f. (sg. indecl.)—— law.
aecer m.—— field.
aefestnes f.—— religion.
aefen mn.—— evening.
aefenglomung f.—— twilight.
aefre av.—— ever, always.
aefter av., prp. with d.—— after; according to; by; through.
aeg n. (pl. aegru)—— egg.
aeghwelc prn.—— each.
aegther prn.—— either, each; both; cj.—— aegther ge ... ge—— both
... and (= aeghwaether).
aeht f.—— property (ahte, agan).
aelc prn. aj.—— each, every, always.
aelmihtig aj.—— almighty.
aemette aj.—— ant.
aenig prn. aj.—— any (an).
aer prp. with d., av., cj. with subj.—— before (of time),
formerly; sp. aerest aj. and av.—— first; aer thaem the, aer thon
the cj.—— before.
aercebiscop m.—— archbishop (l. archi-episcopus).
aerende n.—— errand, message.
aerendraca m.—— messenger.
aerest—— see aer.
aerist mfn.—— (rising up), resurrection (arisan).
aernemergen m.—— early morning.
aesc m.—— (ash tree), warship.
aaet prp. with d.—— at; deprivation—— from; specifying action
wurdon aet spraece "talking together".
aetbregdan sv.—— take (snatch) away.
aeteowian wv. with d.—— show.
aetforan prp. with d.—— in front of.
aetgeadre av.—— together.
aetiewan wv. with d., tr.—— show, int.—— appear (eowian).
aetlicgan sv.—— lie idle.
aetren aj.—— poisonous, venomous.
aetsamne av.—— together, at once.
aethele aj.—— noble.
aetheling m.—— prince, noble.
afaran sv.—— go away, depart.
afeallan sv.—— fall down.
aflieman wv.—— put to flight, drive into exile (fliam).
afylan wv.—— defile (ful).
afyrht aj.—— frightened (p. pt. of afyrhtan from forht).
agan ppv.—— possess, own.
alecgan wv.—— lay down, put away.
aliesan wv.—— (loosen), release, liberate; redeem (lias).
aliesend m.—— redeemer.
an aj. prn.—— one (always strong); a certain (one); the same;
only, alone (generally weak); g. pl. in anra gehwelc "each one".
ancenned aj. (p. pt.) (only-born), only (child).
and cj.—— and.
andbidian wv. with g.—— await (bidan).
andettan wv.—— confess.
andgiet n.—— sense, meaning; understanding, intelligence.
andswarian wv. with d.—— answer (andswaru).
andswaru f.—— answer, reply (swerian).
andweard aj.—— present.
andwlita m.—— face.
andwyrdan wv. with d.—— answer (word).
ane av.—— at once, at one time (an).
angel n.—— angeln (in Schleswig).
angelcynn n.—— the English nation, England.
anginn n.—— beginning.
angrislic aj.—— terrible.
animan sv.—— take away.
geanlaecan wv.—— unite, join together.
anmod aj.—— unanimous.
anmodlice av.—— unanimously.
anraed aj.—— constant, resolute.
ansien f.—— face, appearance.
ansund aj.—— sound, whole, uncorrupted.
anweald m.—— rule, authority, power.
apostol m.—— apostle. (l.)
ar f.—— honour, grace; mercy.
ar n.—— copper.
araednes f.—— condition, stipulation.
araeran wv.—— raise, build, build up (arisan).
arian wv. with d.—— honour; spare, his mercy on (ar).
arisan sv.—— arise.
arlias aj.—— impious, wicked.
arn—— see iernar.
arod aj.—— quick, prompt; bold.
arodlice av.—— quickly, readily; boldly.
arweorth aj.—— (worthy of honour) venerable.
ascian wv.—— ask.
geascian wv.—— hear of.
ascufan sv.—— thrust.
asendan wv.—— send.
asettan wv.—— set up, build.
asmeagan wv.—— consider, think of; conceive; interpret.
assa m.—— ass.
astreccan wv.—— stretch out, extend.
astyrian wv.—— stir, move.
ateon sv.—— draw, take out.
ateorian wv.—— fail, fall away.
ath m.—— oath.
aweallan sv.—— swarm.
aweccan wv.—— awake, rouse (wacian).
awedan wv.—— go mad (wod).
awendan wv.—— turn; change; translate.
aweorpan sv.—— throw, cast out; reject; depose (king).
awerian wv.—— defend.
awestan wv.—— lay waste, ravage.
awierged aj.—— cursed, accursed (p. pt. of awiergan from wearg).
awiht prn.—— (aught), anything.
awritan sv.—— write; copy.
awyrtwalian wv.—— root up (wyrt).
B
baec n.—— back; under baec "behind".
baed, baede, baedon—— see biddan.
baer—— see beran.
baernet n.—— burning.
baeron—— see beren.
baesten aj.—— of bast.
baeth n.—— bath.
ban n.—— bone.
band—— see bindan.
bathu—— see baeth.
be prp. with d.—— about, concerning; according to; by, along, in;
be tham—— "by this action".
bead—— see beodan.
beald aj.—— bold.
bearn n.—— child (beran).
beatan sv.—— beat.
bebeodan sv. with d.—— command.
bebyrgan wv.—— bury.
bec—— see boc.
beclyppan wv.—— embrace, clasp.
becuman sv.—— come, arrive.
gebed n.—— prayer (biddan).
bedaelan wv. with g.—— deprive of.
bedd n.—— bed.
bedelfan sv.—— (hide by digging), bury.
gebedhus n.—— oratory, chapel.
befaestan wv.—— commit, entrust.
beforan prp. with d.—— before.
began v.—— practise, profess.
begann—— see beginnan.
begeat—— see begietan.
begen prn. aj.—— both.
begietan sv.—— get, obtain.
beginnan sv.—— begin.
behatan sv. with d.—— promise.
beheafdian wv.—— behead (heafod).
behealdend m.—— beholder, spectator.
behorsian wv.—— deprive of horse.
behreowsian wv.—— repent (hreowan).
behydan wv.—— hide.
belaewan wv.—— betray.
belaf—— see belifan.
beliefan wv.—— believe.
belifan sv.—— remain (laf).
belucan sv.—— lock, close.
bend mfn.—— bond (bindan).
beodan sv. with d.—— offer; command.
beon v.—— be.
beor n.—— beer.
beorg m.—— hill, mountain.
gebeorgan sv. with d.—— save, protect.
beorht aj.—— (bright), fair, noble.
beotlic aj.—— arrogant, threatening.
beoton—— see beatan.
bepaecan wv.—— deceive.
beran sv.—— bear, carry.
geberan sv.—— bear (child); carry.
berende aj.—— fruitful, productive (pres. pt. of beran).
bern n.—— barn.
berstan sv.—— burst.
besargian wv.—— lament, be sorry (sarig).
bescieran sv.—— sheer, cut off the hair of.
bescufan sv.—— thrust, throw.
besencan wv. tr.—— sink, submerge.
beseon sv.—— see, look.
besettan wv.—— surround; set about, cover.
bestealcian wv.—— go stealthily, steal.
bestelan sv. rfl.—— go stealthily.
beswican sv.—— deceive, betray.
bet—— see wel.
betaecan wv.—— commit, entrust.
betera, betst—— see god.
betonica f.—— betony. (l.)
betwix prp. with a. d.—— between, among; betwix thaem the cj.——
while.
beaearf ppv.—— need.
bethian wv.—— foment.
bewerian wv.—— defend.
bewitan ppv.—— watch over, have charge of.
bi prp.—— stressed form of be.
bidan sv.—— wait.
biddan sv. with a. of person and g. of thing—— ask (for), beg,
pray.
gebiddan sv. often rfl.—— pray.
gebiegan wv.—— turn; subject (bugan).
bieldu f.—— (boldness), arrogance (beald).
bieme f.—— trumpet.
biergan wv.—— taste, eat.
biernan sv.—— burn.
bigang m.—— worship, observance.
bigeng m.—— worship, observance.
bigenga m.—— inhabitant; keeper.
bilewit aj.—— innocent.
gebindan sv.—— bind.
binnan av.—— inside; prp. with d.—— in, within (= beinnan).
biscop m.—— bishop (l. episcopus).
biscopsunu m.—— Godson at confirmation.
bismer nm.—— insult, ignominy, shame; to bismere—— "with ignominy".
bismerfull aj.—— shameful.
gebismrian wv.—— treat with ignominy, insult; mock.
bist—— see beon.
bitan sv.—— bite.
bith—— see beon.
blaecan wv.—— bleach.
blawan sv.—— blow.
blegen f.—— (blain), blister, ulcer.
bleow, bleowon—— see blawan.
bletsian wv.—— bless.
bletsung f.—— blessing.
bliss f.—— joy, gladness.
geblissian wv.—— rejoice.
blithe aj.—— glad, merry.
blithelice av.—— gladly.
blod n.—— blood.
blodgian wv.—— make blood.
boc f.—— book.
gebocian wv.—— grant by charter (boc).
bodian wv.—— announce, preach (beodan).
bodig m.—— body.
brad aj.—— broad.
braec, braecon—— see brecan.
braedu f.—— breadth (brad).
braegd—— see bregdan.
breac—— see brucan.
brecan sv.—— break; storm, take (a city).
bregdan sv.—— pull.
bremel m.—— bramble.
breotan sv.—— break.
breten f.—— Britain.
brettas m. pl.—— the British (celts).
brettisc aj.—— British.
bretwealh m.—— Briton.
gebringan wv.—— bring; bring forth.
brogdan—— see bregdan.
brohte—— see bringan.
brothor m.—— brother.
brucan sv. with g.—— enjoy; use; partake of, take.
brugdon—— see bregdan.
bryd f.—— bride.
brydguma m.—— bridegroom (lit. bride-man).
brytan wv.—— crush, pound.
buan wv.—— dwell.
buend m.—— dweller (buan).
bufan prp. with d. a.—— over, above, on (= beufan).
gebugan sv.—— bend, incline; submit.
bunden, bundon—— see bindan.
burg f.—— fortified place; city (beorgan).
burggeat n.—— city-gate.
burston—— see berstan.
butan av.—— outside; prp. with d.—— without, except; cj.—— unless (=
beutan).
bycgan wv.—— buy.
byhth—— see bugan.
byrgan wv.—— bury.
byrgen f.—— tomb (byrgan).
gebyrian wv.—— be due, befit.
byrig—— see burg.
byrst f.—— bristle.
byrthen f.—— burden (beran).
bysen f.—— example; model, exemplar.
gebysnian wv.—— set an example, instruct by example (bysen).
gebysnung f.—— example.
C
caeg f.—— key.
cann—— see cunnan.
canon m.—— canon (l.).
cantwaraburg f.—— Canterbury (g. of cantware).
cantware m. pl.—— people of Kent (l. Cantia and ware!.
casere m.—— emperor (l. caesar).
ceafl m.—— jaw.
ceap n.—— (purchase); cattle.
cearf—— see ceorfan.
ceaster f.—— city (l. castra).
cene aj.—— brave, bold.
cennan wv.—— bear (child); produce.
cent f.—— Kent (l. cantia).
centland n.—— Kent.
ceorfan sv.—— cut.
ceosan sv.—— choose.
cepan wv. with g.—— attend to, look out for.
ciele m.—— cold.
ciepan wv.—— trade, sell (ceap).
ciepend m.—— seller (ciepan).
gecierran wv. int.—— turn, return; submit; tr.—— convert.
cild n.—— child.
cildhad m.—— childhood.
cinnban n.—— jawbone.
cirice f.—— church.
claene aj.—— clean, pure.
clath m.—— cloth.
clawu f.—— claw.
clifian wv.—— adhere.
clipian wv.—— call, summon.
clipung f.—— calling.
cnapa m.—— (boy, youth)—— servant.
cnawan sv.—— know.
cneow—— see cnawan.
cniht m.—— youth.
cnoll m.—— top, summit.
coccel m.—— corn-cockle, tares.
com, comon—— see cuman.
coren—— see ceosan.
craeft m.—— strength; skill; art, science; cunning.
cristen aj.—— Christian.
gecuman sv.—— come; cuman up "land".
cunnan ppv. know; know how, be able.
cunnian wv.—— try, seek, test (cunnan).
curen, curon—— see ceosan.
cuth aj.—— known (originally p. pt. of cunnan).
cuthe, cuthon—— see cunnan.
cuthlic aj.—— certain, evident.
cuthlice av.—— certainly, for certain.
cwaede, cwaedon—— see cwethan.
cwaeth—— see cwethan.
cwealde—— see cwellan.
cweartern n.—— prison.
cweden—— see cwethan.
cwellan wv.—— kill.
cwen f.—— queen.
cwethan sv.—— say, speak; name, call.
cwic aj.—— alive.
cwide m.—— speech (cwethan).
gecwidraeden f.—— agreement.
cydde—— see cythan.
cyme m.—— coming (cuman).
cymth—— see cuman.
cynebearn n.—— child of a royal house.
cynegierela m.—— royal robe.
cynelice av.—— like a king, royally.
cynerice n.—— kingdom.
cynestol m.—— throne.
cyning m.—— king.
cynn n.—— race, people; kind.
cyre m.—— choice (ceosan).
cyssan wv.—— kiss.
cyst f.—— excellence (ceosan).
cystig aj.—— (excellent), charitable.
cythan wv.—— make known, tell (cuth).
gecythnes f.—— testament.
D
daed f.—— deed.
daeg m.—— day.
daeghwaemlice av.—— daily.
dael m.—— part; be daele "partly, to some extent".
daelan wv.—— divide, share.
gedafenian wv. with d.—— befit.
dagas—— see daeg.
dagung f.—— daybreak, dawn.
dead aj.—— dead.
deah—— see dugan.
dearr ppv.—— dare.
death m.—— death.
defenascir f.—— Devonshire.
gedelf n.—— digging.
delfan sv.—— dig.
deman wv.—— judge (dom).
dene m. pl.—— Danes.
denisc aj.—— Danish
deofol nm.—— devil, the devil (l. diabolus).
deofolgield n.—— idol.
deop aj.—— deep.
deoplice av.—— deeply, profoundly.
deor n.—— wild beast, animal.
dest, deth—— see don.
diegol aj.—— secret, hidden.
diegollice av.—— secretly, in secret.
gedihtan wv.—— arrange; draw up; compose, write; dictate (l.
dictare).
discthegn m.—— (dish-servant), steward.
dohtor f.—— daughter.
dom m.—— judgement, sentence.
domne m.—— lord (l. domine).
gedon v.—— do; act; make; put.
dorste—— see dearr.
draca m.—— dragon (l. draco).
dranc—— see drincan.
dreorig aj.—— sad, sorrowful.
drifan sv.—— drive.
drinc m.—— drink.
drincan sv.—— drink.
dropa m.—— drop.
druncen—— see drincan.
drygan wv.—— dry.
dryhten m.—— lord.
dryppan wv. tr.—— drip (dropa).
dugan ppv. avail, be useful.
dun f.—— hill, down.
dunland n.—— downland.
durron—— see dearr.
duru f.—— door.
dust n.—— dust, powder.
gedwolmann m.—— housetic.
gedwolsum aj.—— misleading.
gedwyld n.—— error (gedwol-).
dyde, dydon—— see don.
dyppan wv.—— dip.
dysig aj.—— foolish.
E
ea f. (g. sg. ea)—— river.
eac av.—— also; eac swelce—— "also, moreover".
eacnian wv.—— increase.
eadig aj.—— (prosperous), blessed.
eaganbearhtm m.—— twinkling of an eye.
eage n.—— eye.
eagthyrel n.—— (eye-hole), window.
eahta num.—— eight.
eala interj.—— oh!
eald aj.—— old; cp. ieldra.
ealdor m.—— chief, master, lord, prince.
ealdorbiscop m.—— high priest.
ealdormann m.—— chief, officer, governer, nobleman.
ealdseaxe m. pl.—— old (i.e. continental) saxons.
eall aj.—— all.
eall av.—— quite, just; completely.
eallniwe aj.—— quite new.
eallswa av.—— in the same way.
eallunga av.—— entirely.
ealu n.—— ale.
eard m.—— country, native land.
eardian wv. int.—— dwell, live; tr.—— inhabit.
eardungstow f.—— dwelling-place.
eare n.—— ear.
earfothe n.—— hardship, trouble.
earm m.—— arm (of the body).
earm aj.—— poor, wretched, dispicable.
earmlice av.—— miserably, wretchedly.
earn m.—— eagle.
eart—— see wesan.
east av.—— eastwards.
eastengle m. pl.—— East Angles.
easteweard aj.—— eastern, the eastern part of.
eastran f. pl.—— Easter.
eastrihte av.—— eastwards.
eastseaxe m. pl.—— East Saxons.
eathelic aj.—— insignificant, weak.
geeathmedan wv.—— humble (eathmod).
eathmod aj.—— humble.
eathmodlice av.—— humbly.
ece aj.—— eternal.
ecnes f.—— eternity
geefenlaecan wv.—— match, imitate.
efne av.—— behold!; indeed; just.
efsian wv.—— cut the hair of.
eft av.—— again; afterwards, then; back.
ege m.—— fear.
egeslic aj.—— terrible, awful.
ehtere m.—— persecutor.
elcor av.—— otherwise.
ele m.—— oil (l. eleum).
elles av.—— otherwise.
elpend m.—— elephant (l. elephant-).
eltheodignes f.—— travel or living in foreign lands; exile.
ende m.—— end.
geendebyrdan wv.—— set in order, arrange.
endebyrdnes f.—— order.
endemes av.—— together.
geendian wv.—— end, die.
endleofta aj.—— eleventh.
engel m.—— angel (l. angelus).
englaland n.—— England (g. pl. of engle).
engle m. pl.—— angels; the English (angels).
englisc aj.—— English; n.—— the English language (engle).
eode, eodon—— see gan.
eom—— see wesan.
eorl m.—— nobleman.
eornostlice av.—— in truth, indeed.
eorthbuend m.—— dweller on earth, man.
eorthe f.—— earth.
eorthfaest aj.—— firm in the earth.
eow—— see thu.
eower prn. aj.—— your, yours.
epistola m.—— letter (l.).
etan sv.—— eat.
ethel m.—— native land.
F
gefadian wv.—— order, dispose, arrange.
fadung f.—— order, arrangement.
faec n.—— space, interval.
faeder m.—— father.
gefaethen aj. with g.—— glad.
faeger aj.—— beautiful.
faegnian wv. with g.—— rejoice, be glad.
faemne f.—— virgin.
faer m.—— (sudden), danger.
faerlic aj.—— sudden.
faerlice av.—— suddenly.
faest aj.—— firm, fast.
faestan wv.—— fast.
faeste av.—— firmly, securely.
faesten n.—— fortification, fortress; stronghold (faest).
faesten n.—— fast, fasting (faestan).
faestlice av.—— firmly; strictly, resolutely.
faet n.—— vessel.
fandian wv. with g.—— try, test; tempt (findan).
fangen—— see fon.
faran sv.—— go.
gefaran sv.—— die.
fatu—— see faet.
fea aj. pl.—— few.
gefea m.—— joy.
feaht—— see feohtan.
feallan sv.—— fall.
feawe—— see fea.
feax n.—— hair.
fela aj. indecl., usually with g.—— many, much.
feld m.—— field.
feng, fengon—— see fon.
feoh n.—— cattle; money, property.
feohbigenga m.—— cattle-keeper.
feohgehat n.—— promise of money.
gefeoht n.—— fight, fighting.
gefeohtan sv.—— fight.
feole f.—— file.
feolian wv.—— file.
feoll, feollon—— see feallan.
feond m.—— enemy.
gefeonde aj.—— joyful (pres. pt. of gefeon "rejoice").
feorh nm.—— life.
feorm f.—— (food), feast, banquet.
feorr av.—— far.
feortha aj.—— fourth.
feower num.—— four.
gefera m.—— companion (friend).
feran wv.—— go, travel; fare (for).
ferend m.—— (traveller), soldier.
ferian wv.—— carry (faran).
fersc aj.—— fresh.
fetian wv.—— fetch, bring.
gefette—— see fetian.
fiend—— see feond.
fierd f.—— army, militia; campaign (faran).
fierdwise f.—— campaign order.
fierlen aj.—— distant (feorr).
fierst mf.—— period, time.
fif num.—— five.
fiftig num.—— fifty.
findan sv. (weak pret. funde)—— find.
finol m.—— fennel.
fisc m.—— fish.
fiscere m.—— fisherman.
fiscwielle aj.—— rich in fish.
fleam m.—— flight (fleon).
fleogan sv.—— fly.
fleon sv.—— flee.
fleot m.—— estuary.
fleotan sv.—— float.
geflieman wv.—— put to flight (fleam).
geflit n.—— dispute.
flod mn.—— flood.
flor f.—— floor.
flota m.—— fleet.
flothere m.—— army from a fleet, army of pirates.
flotmann m.—— sailor, pirate.
flowan sv.—— flow.
flugon—— see fleon.
flyht m.—— flight (fleogan).
foda m.—— food.
folc n.—— people, nation.
folclic aj.—— popular, public; common.
folgian wv. with d.—— follow; obey.
gefon sv.—— seize, take, capture; fon to "take up, begin"; fon to
rice "come to the throne"; fengon togaedre "joined together";
feng to "take hold, occupy".
for prp. with d. i., local—— before—— for worulde "in the eyes of
the world"; causal—— for, because of, for the sake of—— for gode ne
dorste "for the fear of God ... "; temporal—— before—— nu for feam
gearum "a few years ago"; w. a.—— instead of, for. For thaem, for
thy av.—— therefore; for thaem (the) cj.—— because.
for f.—— journey, march, expedition (faran).
for, foron—— see faran.
forbaernan wv. tr.—— burn (up).
forbeodan sv. with d.—— forbid.
forceorfan sv.—— cut off.
ford m.—— ford.
fordilgian wv.—— destroy.
fordon v.—— destroy.
forealdod aj.—— aged (p. pt. of forealdian "grow old").
foresceawian wv.—— pre-ordain, appoint; provide.
foresecgan wv.—— say before; se foresaegda "the aforesaid".
foresprecan sv.—— say before; se foresprecenda "the aforesaid".
forgiefan sv. with d.—— give, grant; forgive.
forht aj.—— afraid.
forhtian wv.—— fear, be afraid of.
forhwega av.—— somewhere.
forlaetan sv.—— leave, abandon.
forleosan sv.—— lose.
forliger n.—— fornication.
forma aj. sp.—— first.
forniman sv.—— carry off; destroy, devour.
forseon sv.—— despise, scorn.
forslean sv.—— cut through.
forstandan sv.—— (stand before), protect, defend.
forth av.—— forth, forwards, on, out; also.
forthferan wv.—— depart, die.
forthgan v.—— proceed, pass on.
forthgenge aj.—— thriving, advancing.
forweorthan sv.—— perish, be lost.
fot m.—— foot.
fraegn—— see frignan.
fram prp. with d.—— from; agent with passive—— by.
francan m. pl.—— Franks.
francland n.—— the land of the Franks, France.
frecennes f.—— danger.
fremfulnes f.—— benefit.
fremian wv.—— benefit, help.
gefremman wv.—— perform, do, commit.
freond m.—— friend.
freondscipe m.—— friendship.
frignan sv.—— ask.
frith m.—— peace; frith niman "make peace".
gefrithian wv.—— protect, shelter.
frofor f.—— comfort.
fruma m.—— beginning; on fruman "at first".
fugol m.—— bird.
fugolwielle aj.—— rich in birds.
fuhton—— see feohtan.
ful aj.—— foul, impure.
full aj. with g.—— full.
full av.—— entirely, very.
fullian wv.—— baptize.
fullice av.—— fully.
fulluht m.—— baptism (fullian).
fultum m.—— help; forces, troops.
gefultumian wv. with d.—— help.
funde—— see findan.
furthum av.—— even.
fus aj.—— (eager); hastening.
fylgan wv. with d.—— follow.
fyllan wv.—— fill, fulfil (full).
gefyllednes f.—— fulfilment.
fyr n.—— fire.
fyrmest aj. sp.—— first, chief.
fys aj.—— eager, excited.
G
gegadrian wv.—— gather.
gaers n.—— grass.
gaeth—— see gan.
gafeluc m.—— spear, javelin.
gafol n.—— interest, profit.
gamen n.—— sport.
gan v.—— go.
gegan v.—— gain, conquer.
gangan, gangende—— see gan.
garsecg m.—— ocean, sea.
gast m.—— spirit; se halga gast "the holy ghost".
gastlic aj.—— spiritual.
gastlice av.—— spiritually.
gatu—— see geat.
ge cj.—— and; ge ... ge—— both ... and.
ge—— see thu.
geaf, geafe, geafon—— see giefan.
gealga m.—— gallows.
gear n.—— year.
geara av.—— formerly, of yore.
geard m.—— enclosure, court.
gearu aj.—— ready.
geat n. (pl. gatu)—— gate.
geo av.—— formerly; geo geara "long ago".
georgoth f.—— youth.
geolca m.—— yolk.
geomrung f.—— grief, lamentation.
geond prp. with a.—— through, throughout; as far as, up to.
geong aj.—— young.
geongling m.—— youth, child.
georn aj.—— eager.
georne av.—— eagerly, earnestly.
geornlice av.—— zealously.
germania f.—— Germany.
giefan sv.—— give.
giefta f. pl.—— marriage, wedding.
giefu f.—— gift; grace (of God) (giefan).
gieldan sv.—— pay.
gierela m.—— clothing; garment.
gegierwan wv.—— (prepare), equip, gird; dress (gearu).
giet av.—— yet, still, further, besides; nu giet—— still, tha giet——
yet, as yet.
gif cj.—— if.
glaed aj.—— glad.
gleaw aj.—— prudent, wise.
gled f.—— glowing coal; fire.
glengan wv.—— adorn; trim (lamp).
gnidan sv.—— rub, pound.
god m.—— God; nm.—— God.
god aj.—— good; cp. betera, sp. betst.
godcundnes f.—— divinity; deity.
godnes f.—— goodness.
godspell n.—— gospel.
gold n.—— gold.
goldhord m.—— treasure.
gos f.—— goose.
graedig aj.—— greedy.
graeg aj.—— grey.
grecas m. pl.—— Greeks.
grene aj.—— green.
gretan wv.—— greet, salute.
grindan sv.—— grind.
gristbitung f.—— gnashing of teeth.
growan sv.—— grow.
grund m.—— bottom.
grymetian wv.—— roar, rage.
guma m.—— man.
gylden aj.—— golden (gold).
H
habban wv.—— have; take; get.
gehabban wv.—— contain.
had m.—— rank, order; sex.
gehadon aj.—— ordained, in orders, clerical (p. pt. of hadian
"ordain").
haebbe—— see habban.
haefde, -on, haefth—— see habban.
haeftan wv.—— hold fast.
haeftnied f.—— subject.
haelan wv.—— heal, cure; save (hal).
haelend m.—— saviour.
haelu f.—— salvation (hal).
haepse f.—— hasp, fastening.
haes f.—— command.
haete f.—— heat (hat).
haett—— see hatan.
haeth f.—— heath.
haethen aj.—— heathen (haeth).
hagolian wv.—— hail.
gehal aj.—— whole, uninjured.
halga m.—— saint (weak form of halig).
gehalgian wv.—— hallow, consecrate.
halian wv. int.—— heal.
halig aj.—— holy, sacred, consecrated.
haligdom m.—— holy object, relic.
halwende aj.—— salutary, useful.
halwendnes f.—— salubrity.
ham m.—— home. av.—— home(wards).
hamweard av.—— home(wards).
hand f.—— hand; side.
handcweorn f.—— hand-mill.
hangian wv. int.—— hang (hon).
hat aj.—— hot.
hatan sv.—— command, order; call, name.
gehatan sv.—— promise.
hatte—— passive of hatan.
he prn.—— he, it.
heafod n.—— head.
heafodmann m.—— (head-man), ruler, captain.
heah aj.—— high, exalted; sp.—— hiehst.
heahfaeder m.—— patriarch.
healdan sv.—— hold, keep; preserve, maintain; observe.
healf f.—— half; side.
healf aj.—— half.
healfnacod aj.—— half-naked.
healic aj.—— exalted (heah).
heall f.—— hall.
heard aj.—— hard; strong; severe.
heawan sv.—— hew.
hebban sv.—— raise, lift up.
hefe—— see hebban.
hefelic aj.—— heavy, severe.
hefelstraed m.—— thread (for weaving).
hefig aj.—— heavy.
hefignes f.—— weight, burden.
hefigtieme aj.—— burdensome.
helpan sv.—— help.
gehende aj. with d.—— near, at hand; intimate (with) (hand).
heo—— see he.
heofon m.—— heaven; often in pl.—— heofona rice "the kingdom of
heaven".
heofone f.—— heaven.
heofonlic aj.—— heavenly, of heaven.
heold, heoldon—— see healdan.
heonan av.—— hence, from here.
heorot m.—— hart, stag.
heorte f.—— heart.
her av.—— here; hither; her-aefter—— hereafter, after this.
here m.—— army, raiding force.
herehyth f.—— booty.
herereaf n.—— spoil, booty.
heretoga m.—— army-leader, general (toga from teon).
herewic n. pl.—— camp.
gehergian wv.—— ravage, plunder (here).
hergung f.—— ravaging, pillage.
herian wv.—— praise.
herige—— see here.
het, heton—— see hatan.
hete m.—— hatred.
hie—— see he.
hieg n.—— hay.
hiehst—— see heah.
hielt—— see healdan.
hiera—— see he.
gehieran wv. hear; with d.—— obey, follow.
hierde m.—— shepherd, herdsman.
hierdraeden f.—— guardianship.
hiere—— see he.
gehiersum aj. with d.—— obedient, subject (hieran).
gehiersumian wv. with d.—— obey; tr.—— make obedient.
gehiersumnes f.—— obedience.
him, hine—— see he.
hired m.—— family, household.
his—— see he.
hiw n.—— appearance, form; hue.
hlaeder f.—— ladder.
hlaefdige f.—— lady (hlaf).
hlaf m.—— loaf; bread.
hlaford m.—— lord, master (hlaf).
hleahtor m.—— laughter.
hleapan sv.—— leap.
hlydan wv.—— make a noise, shout (hlud "loud").
hnappian wv.—— doze.
hof—— see hebban.
holt n.—— wood.
hon sv. tr.—— hang (hangian).
horn m.—— horn.
gehorsian wv.—— provide with horses.
hraeding f.—— haste, hurry.
hraedlice av.—— quickly.
hraegl n.—— dress, clothing.
hran m.—— whale.
hrathe av.—— quickly.
hreod n.—— reed.
hreosan sv.—— fall.
hreowan sv. often impers. with d.—— rue, repent.
hrieman wv.—— shout, cry out.
hrinan sv.—— touch.
hrither n.—— head of cattle, ox.
hruron—— see hreosan.
hrycg m.—— back.
hryre m.—— fall (hreosan).
hu av.—— how.
hulic aj.—— what kind of.
hund n. with g.—— hundred.
hundeahtatig num.—— eighty.
hundnigontig num.—— ninety.
hundseofontig num.—— seventy.
hungrig aj.—— hungry.
hunig n.—— honey.
huntung f.—— hunting.
huru av.—— especially; indeed.
hus n.—— house.
huxlice av.—— ignominiously, with insult.
hwa prn. interog.—— who; indef.—— anyone, someone.
gehwa prn.—— everyone.
hwael m.—— whale.
hwaem—— see hwa, hwaet.
hwaer av. cj.—— where; swa hwaer swa "whereever".
gehwaer av.—— everywhere.
hwaes—— see hwa, hwaet.
hwaet prn. interog.—— what; indef.—— anything, something; interj.——
lo! now, well.
hwaet aj.—— vigorous; brave.
hwaete m.—— wheat.
hwaether cj.—— whether; hwaether the introduces a direct question.
gehwaether prn. aj.—— either, each, both; cj.—— gehwaether the ...
the both ... and.
hwaethre av.—— however.
hwanon av. cj.—— whence.
hwelc prn. aj. interog.—— which, what, what kind of; indef.——
any(one), some(one).
gehwelc prn.—— each, everyone.
hwil f.—— while, time.
hwilum av.—— formerly, once.
hwit aj.—— white.
hwite n.—— white (of egg).
hwon instrumental of hwaet—— for hwon—— why.
hwy av.—— why (inst. of hwaet).
hycgan wv.—— think.
hydan wv.—— hide.
hyrian wv.—— hire.
I
ic prn.—— I.
idel aj.—— idle; useless, vain; on idel "in vain".
ieg f.—— island.
iegland n.—— island.
ieldan wv.—— delay, be late (eald).
ielde m. pl.—— men.
ieldra—— see eald.
ieldran m. pl.—— ancestors (ieldra).
ieldu f.—— age.
ierfenuma m.—— heir, successor.
iernan sv.—— run, flow.
ierre aj.—— angry.
il m.—— hedgehog.
ilca aj.—— same (always with def. art. or demons., and so weak).
in prp. with d. a.—— in; into.
inn av.—— in (of motion).
innan prp. with d. a.—— within, in; into; av.—— within.
inne av.—— within, inside; prp. (after relative the) in.
into prp with d.—— into.
iotan m. pl.—— Jutes.
is—— see wesan.
isern n.—— iron.
itst—— see etan.
iudeas, iudei m. pl.—— jews.
iudeisc aj.—— jewish; tha iudeiscan "the jews".
L
la interj.—— oh! la leof "sir".
lac n.—— gift; offering, sacrifice.
ladtheow m.—— guide (laedan).
gelaeccan wv.—— seize; catch.
gelaedan wv.—— lead; carry, bring, take.
laeden n.—— latin (l. latinum).
laedenboc f.—— latin book.
laeg, laege, laegon—— see licgan.
laeran wv.—— with double a.—— teach, educate (lar).
gelaered aj.—— learned (p. pt. of laeran).
laes f. (g. d. laeswe)—— pasture.
laessa, laest—— see lytel.
laetan sv.—— let; leave.
laewede aj.—— lay; unlearned.
laf f.—— remnant, remains; to lafe beon "to remains, be left"
((be)lifan).
lamb n.—— lamb.
gelamp—— see gelimpan.
land n.—— land, country.
landfolc n.—— people of a country.
landleode m. pl.—— people of a country.
lang aj.—— long; cp.—— lengra.
lange av.—— long, for a long time; cp.—— leng.
langlice av.—— for a long time.
lar f.—— teaching; doctrine.
lareow m.—— teacher (lar and theow).
late av.—— late.
gelathian wv.—— invite.
lead n.—— lead.
leaf n.—— leaf.
geleafa m.—— belief, faith.
geleaffull aj.—— believing, pious, devout.
leah m.—— clearing; wood.
leahtor m.—— vice, sin, crime.
leas aj.—— false, untruthful; in composition -less.
leat—— see lutan.
lecgan wv.—— lay (licgan).
gelendan wv.—— go; land (land).
leng—— see lange.
lengra—— see lang.
leo mf.—— lion, lioness (l.).
leod f.—— nation, people.
leode m. pl.—— people.
leof aj.—— dear, beloved; pleasant; me leofre waere "I would
rather" (lufu).
leofath, leofode—— see libban.
leoht aj.—— light, bright, clear.
leoht aj.—— light (in weight).
leohtfaet n.—— (light-vessel), lamp.
leornian wv.—— learn.
let, leton—— see laetan.
libban wv.—— live.
lic n.—— body, corpse.
gelic aj. with d.—— like.
gelice av.—— likewise, in like manner, alike, equally.
licgan sv.—— lie.
lichama m.—— body.
lician wv. with d.—— please.
geliefan wv.—— believe (geleafa).
lif n.—— life.
gelimp n.—— event, emergency.
gelimpan sv.—— happen.
lith—— see licgan.
loc n.—— lock, bar.
locc m.—— lock of hair.
locen—— see lucan.
lof n.—— praise, glory.
gelogian wv.—— place; occupy settle, furnish.
gelom aj.—— frequent.
gelome av.—— often.
losian wv. with d.—— be lost; him losath "he loses" ((for)leosan).
lucan sv.—— close, lock, fasten.
lucon—— see lucan.
lufian wv.—— love.
lufu f.—— love (leof).
lundenburg f.—— London (l. lundonia).
lust m.—— desire; pleasure.
gelustfullice av.—— gladly, heartily.
lutan sv.—— bend, stoop.
lyft f.—— air; pl.—— climate.
lyre m.—— loss.
lyt av.—— little.
lytel aj.—— little; cp.—— laessa, sp.—— laest.
lytlum av.—— little by little (d. of lytel).
lytherlic aj.—— baj, poor, mean.
lythre aj.—— bad, wicked.
M
ma indecl.—— more (cp. of micle).
macian wv.—— make, do.
maed f. (g. d.—— maedwe)—— meadow.
maeg ppv.—— can, am/is able.
maegen n.—— strength, capacity; virtue (maeg).
maegth f.—— family; tribe, nation; generation.
gemaene aj.—— common; him gemaenne "between them".
maere aj.—— famous, glorious, great (metaphorically).
gemaere n.—— border; territory.
maersian wv.—— extol, celebrate (maere).
maerthu f.—— glory (maere).
maesse f.—— mass (l. missa).
maessepreost m.—— mass-priest.
maest—— see micel.
maewth—— see mawan.
magister m.—— master, teacher (l.).
magon—— see maeg.
man indef.—— one (mann).
man n.—— wickedness.
mandaed f.—— evil deed, sin, crime.
manfull aj.—— wicked, evil.
manig aj.—— many.
gemanigfieldan wv.—— multiply.
mann m.—— man; person.
manna m.—— man.
mannraeden f.—— allegiance.
mara—— see micel.
martyr m.—— martyr (l.).
mathm m.—— treasure.
mathmfaet n.—— precious vessel.
mawan sv.—— mow.
me—— see ic.
mearc f.—— boundary.
med f.—— reward, pay.
medmicel aj.—— small, short.
menigu f.—— multitude.
menn—— see mann.
mennisc aj.—— human (mann).
menniscnes f.—— incarnation.
meolc f.—— milk.
meregrota m.—— pearl (l. margarita).
mereswin n.—— porpoise.
mergen m.—— morning (morgen).
merian wv.—— purify, clarify.
metan sv.—— measure.
gemetan wv.—— meet; find (gemot).
mete m. (pl.—— mettas)—— food.
micel aj.—— great, much; cp.—— mara, sp.—— maest.
micelnes f.—— size, bulk.
micle av.—— greatly, much (by) far; cp.—— ma—— more, rather.
miclum av.—— greatly, much (d. of micel).
mid prp. with d. i.—— with; by means of; mid thaem the, mid thy
cj.—— when, as; since.
midd aj.—— mid, middle.
middangeard m.—— world (lit. "middle enclosure").
middelengle m. pl.—— Middle Angles.
mierce m. pl.—— Mercians (mearc).
miht f.—— might, strength, power; virtue (maeg).
mihte, mihton—— see maeg.
mihtig aj.—— mighty, strong.
mil f.—— mile (l. milia (passuum)).
milde aj.—— (mild), merciful.
mildheort aj.—— (mild-hearted), merciful.
min prn. aj.—— my, mine.
missenlic aj.—— various, diverse.
mithan sv.—— hide.
mod n.—— heart, mind, spirit.
modig aj.—— proud.
modignes f.—— pride.
modor f.—— mother.
molde f.—— (mould), earth.
mona m.—— moon.
monath m. (pl. monath)—— month (mona).
mor m.—— moor, waste land.
morgen m.—— morning.
morth n.—— violent deed, crime.
moru f.—— root.
moste—— see mot.
mot ppv.—— may.
gemot n.—— meeting.
gemunan ppv.—— remember.
munt m.—— mountain, hill (l. montem).
munuc m.—— monk (l. monachus).
munuclif n.—— (monastic life), monastery.
murcnian wv.—— grumble, complain.
murnan sv.—— mourn.
mus f.—— mouse.
muscule f.—— mussel (l. musculus).
muth m.—— mouth.
mutha m.—— mouth of a river, estuary (muth).
gemyndig aj. with g.—— mindful.
mynetere m.—— money-changer (mynet = "coin" from l. moneta).
mynster n.—— monastery (l. monasterium).
mynstermann m.—— monk.
N
na av.—— not, no (= ne a).
nabban—— = ne habban.
naedre f.—— adder, snake.
naefde, naefst, naefth—— = ne haefde, etc.
naefre av.—— never (= ne aefre).
naegel m.—— nail (in both senses).
naenig prn. aj.—— none, no (= ne aenig).
naes—— = ne waes.
nah—— = ne ah.
naht, nanwiht, nawiht prn. with g.—— (naughty), nothing; av.—— not
(at all).
nahtnes f.—— worthlessness.
nam—— see niman.
nama m.—— name.
name, namon—— see niman.
nan prn. aj.—— none, no (= ne an).
nanwiht, nawiht—— see naht.
nat—— = ne wat.
nawther prn.—— neither; cj.—— nawther ne ... ne—— neither ... nor (=
ne ahwaether ("either")).
ne av.—— not; cj.—— nor; ne ... ne—— neither ... nor.
neah av. (aj. in cp. and sp.)—— near; sp. niehst—— aet niehstan "at
last".
nearolice av.—— (narrowly), briefly, summarily.
nearu aj.—— narrow.
neat n.—— beast; pl.—— cattle.
neawist fm.—— neighbourhood (neah, wesan).
nemnan wv.—— name, call (nama).
neodlice av.—— carefully, diligently.
nerian wv.—— save.
nese av.—— no.
nicor m.—— water-monster; hippopotamus.
nied f.—— necessity.
niede av.—— of necessity, by compulsion.
niedunga av.—— of necessity.
niehst—— see neah.
nieten n.—— animal, beast (neat).
nigon num.—— nine.
nigonteotha aj.—— nineteenth.
nigontha aj.—— ninth.
niht f.—— night.
nihtgenga m.—— night-prowler.
geniman sv.—— take, capture; pluck.
nis—— = ne is.
niwan av.—— newly, lately.
niwe aj.—— new.
genog aj.—— enough.
nolde—— = ne wolde.
north av.—— northwards; aj.—— northern.
north(an)hymbre m. pl.—— Northumbrians (l. humbra).
northdael m.—— northern part, north.
northhymbraland n.—— Northumbria.
northwealas m. pl.—— the Welsh.
nosthyrel n.—— nostrel.
nu av.—— now, just now; cj. causal—— now that, since.
numen—— see niman.
genyhtsum aj.—— abundant.
nyle, nylle—— = ne wil(l)e.
nyste—— = ne wiste.
nytnes f.—— use, benefit.
nyton—— = ne witon.
nytt aj.—— useful, profitable.
O
of prp. with d.—— from, from among, of, of motion, origin,
privation, release, etc; partitive of eowrum ele "some of your
oil"; concerning.
ofdraedd aj.—— afraid (p. pt. of ofdraedan "dread").
ofer m.—— bank.
ofer prp. with d. a.—— over; on; about; time—— after; during.
oferhergian wv.—— ravage, overrun.
ofersawan sv.—— sow over.
geoffrian wv.—— offer, sacrifice (l. offere).
offrung f.—— offering, sacrifice.
ofslean sv.—— kill, slay; destroy.
ofsnithan sv.—— slaughter.
ofspring m.—— offspring (springan).
oft av.—— often.
ofteon sv. with d. of person and g. of thing—— deny, deprive of.
ofthyrst aj.—— thirsty (p. pt. of ofthyrstan from thurst).
ofwundrod aj.—— astonished.
olaecung f.—— flattery, cajolery.
on prp. with d. a.—— on; in; into; hostility against—— on hie
fuhton; time—— in.
onaelan wv.—— kindle, light.
onbiergan wv. with g.—— taste, eat.
oncnawan sv.—— perceive, understand, recognize.
ondraedan sv. and wv.—— dread, fear.
onfon sv. often with d.—— receive.
ongean prp. with d. a.—— towards, to meet; opposite; hostility
against; av.—— back.
ongeaton—— see ongietan.
ongietan sv.—— perceive, see.
onginnan sv.—— begin; sometimes pleonastic.
ongunnon—— see onginnan.
onlucan sv.—— unlock.
onmiddan prp. with d.—— in the midst of.
onstyrian wv.—— stir, move.
onuppan prp. with d.—— upon, above.
onweg av.—— away.
openlice av.—— openly, publically.
ora m.—— bank, shore.
ora m.—— ore.
orgellice av.—— proudly, insolently.
ormaete aj.—— immense, boundless (metan).
orsorg aj.—— unconcerned, careless.
oth prp. with a.—— until, up to, as far as; oth thaet cj.—— until.
other prn. aj. (always strong)—— second; other; one or other of
two.
oththe cj.—— or; oththe ... oththe—— either ... or.
oxa m.—— ox.
P
panne f.—— pan.
papa m.—— pope (l.).
pening m.—— penny.
peohtas m. pl.—— Picts.
philistei m. pl.—— PHIlistines (l.).
philisteisc aj.—— Philistine.
pistol m.—— letter (l. epistola).
plegian wv.—— play.
pleoh n.—— risk, responsibility.
pleolic aj.—— dangerous, hazardous.
post m.—— post (l. postis).
preost m.—— priest (l. presbyter).
pund n.—— pound (l. pondus).
R
ra m. (g. pl. rana)—— roe.
racenteag f.—— chain.
rad—— see ridan.
gerad n.—— reckoning, account; reason, judgement.
raecan wv.—— reach.
geraecan wv.—— get at, seize.
raed m.—— advice, counsel; what is advisable, plan of action; him
raed thuhte "it seemed advisable to him".
raedan wv.—— read.
raedbora m.—— adviser (beran).
ramm m.—— ram.
rap m.—— rope.
ras—— see risan.
read aj.—— red.
reahte—— see reccan.
reccan wv. with g. (pret. rohte)—— reck, care.
reccan wv. (pret. reahte)—— tell, narrate.
gerecednes f.—— narrative.
gerefa m.—— reeve, officer, bailiff, sheriff.
regen m.—— rain.
gereord n.—— language.
rethe aj.—— fierce, cruel.
rice n.—— kingdom; kingship, sovereignty, rule.
rice aj.—— powerful, mighty, of high rank.
ritetere n.—— (powerful), arrogance.
ricsian wv.—— rule.
ridan sv.—— ride.
rif aj.—— fierce.
riftere m.—— reaper.
riht aj.—— right, just; righteous.
gerihtan wv.—— correct.
rihtwis aj.—— righteous.
rihtwisnes f.—— righteousness.
rim mn.—— number.
rinan wv.—— rain (regen).
ripan sv.—— reap.
ripere m.—— reaper.
riptima m.—— (reaping-time), harvest.
risan sv.—— rise.
rod f.—— cross.
rohte—— see reccan.
romane m. pl.—— Romans.
rowan sv.—— row.
S
sacan sv.—— quarrel.
sae mf. (d. sg. sae)—— sea.
saed n.—— seed.
saegd, -e, -on, saege, saegth—— see secgan.
sael m.—— time, occasion.
gesaelig aj.—— happy, blessed.
gesaeliglice av.—— happily, blessedly.
saet, saeton—— see sittan.
saewiht f.—— sea-animal.
sagol m.—— rod, staff.
gesamnian wv. tr.—— collect, assemble.
samod av.—— together, also, as well.
sanct m., sancte f.—— saint (l. sanctus, -a).
sand f.—— dish of food (sendan).
sandceosol m.—— sand (lit. sand-gravel).
sar n.—— pain, soreness.
sarig aj.—— sorry, sorrowful, sad.
sawan sv.—— sow.
sawe—— see seon.
sawol f.—— soul.
sawon—— see seon.
scacan sv.—— shake.
scadu f.—— shade.
scamu f.—— shame; to scame "with ignominy".
scarfian wv.—— scrape, shred.
sceaf m.—— sheaf, bundle.
sceaf—— see scufan.
sceafmaelum av.—— in sheaves.
sceal ppv.—— ought to, have to, must; shall.
sceap n.—— sheep.
sceatt m.—— (tribute), money; coin.
sceawere m.—— witness.
gesceawian wv.—— look at; examine, observe; read.
sceawung f.—— seeing, examination.
sceotan sv.—— shoot.
scieldan wv.—— protect.
gescieppan sv.—— create.
scieran sv.—— cut.
scinan sv.—— shine.
scip n.—— ship.
sciphere m.—— fleet.
scir f.—— shire.
scofen—— see scufan.
scolde, scoldon—— see sceal.
scop—— see scieppan.
scoren—— see scieran.
scotland n.—— Ireland.
scottas m. pl.—— Scots, Irish.
scotung f.—— shooting, shot; missile.
scraef n.—— cave.
gescrepe aj.—— fit, suitable.
scrin n.—— shrine (l. scrinium).
scrincan sv.—— shrink.
scufan sv.—— push.
sculon—— see sceal.
scuton—— see sceotan.
scylen—— see sceal.
scypen f.—— cattle-shed.
se, se prn. art.—— that; the; he; rel.—— who.
seah—— see seon.
sealde—— see sellan.
sealtseath m.—— salt spring.
seath m.—— pit; well.
seaxe m. pl.—— Saxons.
secan wv.—— seek; visit, come to, go to; attack.
gesecan wv.—— visit, invade.
secgan wv.—— say.
sel, selest—— see wel.
seldan av.—— seldom.
self prn.—— self, my-, him-, her-, self; aj.—— same; v.
gesellan wv.—— give; sell.
semninga av.—— suddenly.
sendan wv.—— send.
seo—— see se.
seofon num.—— seven.
seofotha aj.—— seventh.
seolcen aj.—— silken.
seolfor n.—— silver.
seolh m.—— seal.
seon sv.—— see.
geseon sv.—— see; catch sight of; look.
seothan sv.—— boil.
seow, seowe—— see sawan.
setl n.—— (seat), place to live, habitation.
gesetnes f.—— decree, law; narrative (settan).
gesettan wv.—— set, place; appoint; establish; occupy; compose.
sewen—— see seon.
sibb f.—— peace.
sie—— see wesan.
siehth—— see seon.
sierwung f.—— artifice, treachery.
siex num.—— six.
siexta aj.—— sixth.
siextiene num.—— sixteen.
siextig num.—— sixty.
sige m.—— victory; sige niman "gain the victory".
sigefaest aj.—— victorious.
sesihth f.—— sight; vision, dream (geseon).
silfren aj.—— silver.
simle av.—— always, ever, continually.
sind(on)—— see wesan.
sinu f.—— sinew.
sittan sv.—— sit; settle, stay.
gesittan sv.—— take possession of, occupy.
sith m.—— journey.
sithfaest mn.—— journey; way.
sithian wv.—— journey, go.
siththan av.—— afterwards, since, then; cj.—— after, when.
slaegen—— see slean.
slaep m.—— sleep; on slaepe "asleep".
slaepan sv.—— sleep.
slaw aj.—— slow, slothful.
slean sv.—— strike; slay, kill.
slecg m.—— hammer (slean).
slege m.—— killing, slaughter (slean).
slep, slepon—— see slaepan.
slitan sv.—— tear.
slog, slogon—— see slean.
smale av.—— small, finely.
smeagan wv.—— consider, think.
smeocan sv.—— smoke.
smyltnes f.—— mildness.
snath—— see snithan.
snaw m.—— snow.
snican sv.—— creep.
snithan sv.—— cut.
sniwan wv.—— snow.
snotor aj.—— wise, prudent.
socen—— see sacan.
sohte, sohton—— see secan.
sona av.—— at once, then; sona swa, sona thaes the "as soon as".
sorg f.—— sorrow.
soth n.—— truth.
soth aj.—— true.
sothlice av.—— truly, indeed; in reality.
spadu f.—— spade (l. spatha).
spearwa m.—— sparrow.
spell n.—— narrative, discourse.
spowan sv.—— succeed.
spraec f.—— speech, language; conversation (sprecan).
sprecan sv.—— speak.
sprengan wv.—— (scatter), sow (springan).
springan sv.—— spring.
staef m.—— staff; letter of the alphabet.
staefcraeft m.—— the art of letters, grammar.
staenen aj.—— (of) stone (stan).
stan m.—— stone, rock.
standan sv.—— stand.
steall mn.—— position, site.
stede m.—— place.
stefn f.—— voice.
stelan sv.—— steal.
stent, stentst—— see standan.
steorra m.—— star.
stieran wv. with d.—— restrain.
stigan sv.—— ascend.
gestillan wv.—— stop, restrain.
stod, stodon—— see standan.
storm m.—— storm, tempest.
stow f.—— place; passage (in a book); religious house.
strael fm.—— arrow.
straet f.—— street, road (l. strata (uia)).
strang aj.—— strong, powerful; cp.—— strengra.
stredan wv.—— strew, scatter, sow.
strengra—— see strang.
strengthu f.—— strength (strang).
gestreon n.—— (acquisition), possession.
gestrienan wv.—— gain (gestreon).
strutian wv.—— stand rigid, stiff.
stycce n.—— piece.
sum prn. aj.—— a certain (one), one, a; some.
sumor m. (d. sg. sumera, -e)—— Summer.
sumorsaete m. pl.—— men of Somerset.
sund n.—— swimming.
gesund aj.—— sound, healthy; uncorrupted.
gesundfull aj.—— safe and sound.
sunne f.—— sun.
sunu m.—— son.
suth av.—— south, southwards.
suthan av.—— from the south.
suthdael m.—— southern part, south.
suthpeohtas m. pl.—— southern Picts.
suthrige m. pl.—— (the people of) Surrey.
suthseaxe m. pl.—— South Saxons.
swa av.—— so; as; swa swa—— as, like; swa ... swa correl.—— as ...
as; swa thaet—— so that, inasmuch as.
swac—— see swican.
swaesendu n. pl.—— food, meal.
swatheah av.—— however, nevertheless.
swefn n.—— sleep; dream.
swelc prn. aj.—— such.
swelce av.—— as if, as it were, as, like; likewise; swelce eac
"also, moreover".
sweltan sv.—— die.
swencan wv.—— afflict, harass (swincan).
sweng m.—— stroke, blow (swingan).
sweor m.—— pillar.
sweora m.—— neck.
sweord n.—— sword.
sweordbora m.—— sword-bearer (beran).
sweostor f.—— sister.
gesweostor f. pl.—— sisters.
sweotol aj.—— clear, evident, manifest.
gesweotolian wv.—— show, indicate.
sweotolung f.—— sign, manifestation.
swerian sv.—— swear.
swete aj.—— sweet.
geswican sv.—— (fail, fall short). Cease; betray.
swicdom m.—— deceit, fraud (swican).
swicol aj.—— deceitful, treacherous.
swift aj.—— swift.
swigian wv.—— be silent.
swimman sv.—— swim.
swincan sv.—— labour, toil.
swingan sv.—— beat, scourge.
swingel f.—— stroke (swingan).
swipu f.—— whip, scourge.
swithe av.—— very, much, greatly, strongly, violently; cp.——
swithor—— rather, more.
swithlic aj.—— very great, immense.
swulton—— see sweltan.
swuncon—— see swincan.
swungon—— see swingan.
syferlice av.—— with purity, chastely.
synderlice av.—— separately.
syndrig aj.—— separate.
gesyntu f.—— (health), prosperity.
T
tacen n.—— sign, token; miracle.
getacnian wv.—— signify, betoken.
getacnung f.—— signification; presage.
getaecan wv.—— teach; show.
taere, taeron—— see teran.
talu f.—— tale.
tam aj.—— tame.
tawian wv.—— afflict, ill-treat.
teah—— see teon.
teald, tealde—— see tellan.
telg m.—— dye.
tellan wv.—— count, account; tellan to naete "count as nothing"
(talu).
temes f.—— Thames (l. Tamesis).
tempel n.—— temple (l. templum).
teon sv.—— draw, pull, drag.
teona m.—— injury; insult.
teonraeden f.—— humiliation.
teotha aj.—— tenth.
teran sv.—— tear.
teth—— see toth.
ticcen n.—— kid.
tid f.—— time; hour.
tiegan wv.—— tie.
tien num.—— ten.
til aj.—— good.
tima m.—— time.
getimbrian wv.—— build.
tintreg n.—— torture.
tintregian wv.—— torture.
tithian wv. with d. of person and g. of thing—— grant, agree to.
to prp. with d. (i.) and (rarely) g. (av.) motion—— to; time—— at——
to midre nihte—— "at midnight"; for—— to langre fierste "for a long
time"; purpose, destination—— of, as, towards—— to abbode gesett——
"appointed abbot"; to thaes—— (to that degree), so; to thaem
thaet, to thon thaet—— in order that.
toberstan sv.—— burst, break asunder.
tobrecan sv.—— break apart.
tobregdan sv.—— tear to pieces, pull apart.
tocyme m.—— coming (cuman).
todaeg av.—— today.
todaelan wv.—— separate, divide (todael).
todaeled aj.—— separate, diverse.
todal n.—— separation, difference.
togaedre av.—— together.
togeanes prp. with d.—— towards; him togeanes "to meet him".
togen—— see teon.
tol n.—— tool, implement.
tomiddes prp. with d.—— in the midst of.
torr m.—— tower (l. turris).
tosamne av.—— together.
toteran sv.—— tear to pieces.
toth m.—— tooth.
toweard aj.—— future, to come.
toweorpan sv.—— overthrow, destroy.
treow n.—— tree.
treowcynn n.—— kind of tree.
getreowe aj.—— true, faithful.
treowian wv. with d.—— trust in.
trimes mf.—— drachm (l. tremissis).
trum aj.—— strong.
trymman wv.—— strengthen (trum).
trymming f.—— strengthening, encouragement, confirmation.
tu—— see twegen.
tucian wv.—— ill-treat, harass, afflict.
tugon—— see teon.
tun m.—— (enclosure); estate, dwelling; village, settlement.
tunge f.—— tongue.
twa, twaem—— see twegen.
twegen num.—— two.
twelf num.—— twelve.
twentig num.—— twenty.
tweo m.—— doubt.
THORN
tha av. cj.—— then; when; tha tha—— when; tha ... tha correl.—— when
... (then).
tha—— see se.
thaem—— see se.
thaer av.—— there; anticipatory thaer bleowon windas; combined
with prps. it, that—— thaerto—— "thereto, to it, in it, there"; cj.
(also thaer thaer)—— where, if.
thaere—— see se.
thaerrihte av.—— immediately.
thaes g. of thaet, see se; used as av.—— afterwards, from that
time; therefore; thaes the cj.—— after.
thaet cj.—— that; so that; until.
thaet—— see se.
gethafian wv.—— allow, permit, consent.
gethafung f.—— consent.
thancian wv. with d. of person and g. of thing—— thank.
thanon av.—— thence, from there, away.
thara—— see se.
thas—— see thes.
the rel. prn. indecl.—— who, which; cj.—— when; the ... the
(whether) ... or.
the—— see thu.
theah av.—— though, yet, however; cj. (also theah the)—— although.
getheaht fn.—— advice; counsel, consultation.
getheahtere m.—— counsellor.
thearf f.—— need.
thearf ppv.—— need.
thearle av.—— very, greatly, thoroughly.
theaw m.—— custom, habit; pl.—— virtues, morality.
thegen m.—— servant, retainer, thane.
thegnian wv. with d.—— serve.
thencan wv.—— think, expect.
theod f.—— people, nation.
getheodan wv.—— join, attach oneself to
getheode n.—— language.
theof m.—— thief.
theon sv.—— prosper.
theos—— see thes.
theostru n. pl.—— darkness.
theow m.—— servant.
theowa m.—— servant.
theowdom m.—— service.
theowot n.—— servitude.
thes prn. aj.—— this.
thicce aj.—— thick, dense; av.—— thickly, closed.
thicgan sv.—— take, receive; eat, drink.
thider av.—— thither, there.
thin prn. aj.—— thy, thine, your, yours.
thinen f.—— maidservant (thegen).
thing n.—— thing, affair, condition, circumstance.
this, thisse, thissum—— see thes.
thohte—— see thencan.
thon, thone—— see se.
thonne av. cj.—— then; when; now.
thonne cj.—— than.
thorfte—— see thearf.
thraed m.—— thread.
threo—— see thrie.
thridda aj.—— third.
thrie num.—— three.
thrim—— see thrie.
thritig num.—— thirty.
thrymm m.—— glory.
thu prn.—— thou, you.
thuht, thuhte—— see thyncan.
gethungen aj.—— excellent, virtuous.
thurh prp. w. a.—— through, by; throughout.
thurhfleogan sv.—— fly through.
thurhwunian wv.—— continue, remain.
thurst m.—— thirst.
thus av.—— thus.
thusend n.—— thousand.
gethwaerlaecan wv.—— agree, consent.
thy instr. of se, thaet; used as av.—— therefore; cj.—— because.
thyfel m.—— bush.
thylaes (the) cj. with subj.—— lest (laes "less").
thyllic aj.—— such (thys-lic).
thyncan wv.—— seem; often impers. with d.—— me thyncth "it seems to
me"; sometimes in passive—— waes him gethuht "it seemed to him"
(thencan).
thyrel n.—— hole (thurh).
U
ufeweard aj.—— upper, at the top of.
unarimedlic aj.—— innumerable, countless (rim).
unc—— see ic.
uncuth aj.—— unknown.
ungecynde aj.—— not of royal stock.
under prp. with d. a.—— under; in the circumstances of.
underbeginnan sv.—— undertake.
undercyning m.—— under-king, tributary king.
underdelfan sv.—— dig under.
underfon sv.—— receive, take.
undergeat—— see undergietan.
undergietan sv.—— understand, perceive.
underntid f.—— the third hour of the day, 9 a.m.
understandan sv.—— understand.
unforht aj.—— unafraid, dauntless.
unformolsond aj. (p. pt.)—— undecayed.
ungleaw aj. with g.—— ignorant.
unhalgod aj. (p. pt.)—— unconsecrated.
unhiere aj.—— savage, frightful, monstrous.
unhierlic aj.—— savage, frightful.
ungehiersum aj. with d.—— disobedient.
unhold aj.—— hostile.
ungelaered aj.—— uneducated, ignorant.
unlucan sv.—— unlock.
ungemetlic aj.—— immense (metan).
unmihtig aj.—— weak, powerless.
unnytt aj.—— useless, unprofitable.
unrim n.—— countless number.
ungesaelig aj.—— unhappy, accursed.
untiemende aj.—— barren (pres. pt. of tieman "bring forth").
ungethwaernes f.—— discord.
unwis aj. with g.—— ignorant, uninformed.
unwittig aj.—— inocent, simple; foolish.
unwritere m.—— bad, inaccurate scribe.
up av.—— up.
upahefednes f.—— conceit, arrogance.
upflor f. (d. sg -a)—— upper floor, upper story.
uppan prp. with d.—— on, upon.
ure prn. aj.—— our, ours.
urnon—— see iernan.
us—— see ic.
ut av.—— out.
utan av.—— from outside.
utane av.—— from outside.
uterra aj. cp.—— outer.
W
wacian wv.—— be awake, watch.
waedla m.—— poor man.
waeg f.—— weight.
wael n.—— slaughter, carnage; micel wael geslean "do great
slaughter".
waelhreow aj.—— cruel.
waelhreowlice av.—— cruelly, savagely.
waelhreownes f.—— cruelty.
waepen n.—— weapon, arm.
waepnedcynn n.—— male line.
waere, waeron, waes—— see wesan.
waestm m.—— (growth), fruit.
waeter n.—— water.
waeterscipe m.—— piece of water, water.
wafung f.—— (spectacle), display.
wana aj. indecl., with numerals—— wanting, less.
-ware m. pl. (only in composition)—— dwellers, inhabitants (orig.
"defenders", cf. werian).
wat—— see witan.
we—— see ic.
weahte—— see weccan.
weald m.—— forest.
geweald n.—— power, control; ic nah geweald "I cannot help it".
gewealdan sv. with g. or a.—— rule, control, have power over.
wealdend m.—— ruler, lord (often of God).
wealh m. (pl. wealas)—— Briton, Welshman (orig. foreigner).
weall m.—— wall (l. uallum).
weallan sv.—— boil; swarm.
weardere m.—— (keeper), dweller.
wearg m.—— felon, criminal (orig. wolf, then outlaw).
wearm aj.—— warm.
gewearmian wv.—— get warm.
wearnian wv.—— take heed.
wearp—— see weorpan.
wearth—— see weorthan.
weaxan sv.—— grow, increase.
weccan wv.—— wake.
wecg m.—— (mass of) metal.
weg m.—— way, road, path.
wel av.—— well; cp.—— bet, sel, sp.—— betst, selest.
weler m.—— lip.
welig aj.—— rich.
welwillendnes f.—— benevolence.
wen f.—— hope.
wenan wv.—— think, expect.
gewendan wv.—— turn; go; return (windan).
weofod n.—— altar.
weoloc m.—— whelk, murex.
weolocread aj.—— scarlet, purple.
weolocsciell f.—— whelk, shellfish.
weorc n.—— work, deed, act.
geweorc n.—— fortification.
weorpan sv.—— throw.
weorth n.—— worth, value.
weorthan sv.—— become; happen; wurdon aet spraece "talked
together".
geweorthan sv. impers. with d. a.—— him gewearth "they agreed
upon"; hine gewierth "he pleases".
weorthfull aj.—— worthy, honourable.
weorthian wv.—— honour, worship; exalt.
weorthlice av.—— (honourably), splendidly.
weorthmynd fn.—— honour.
weorthnes f.—— honour; splendour.
weox, weoxon—— see weaxan.
wepan sv.—— weep.
wer m.—— man.
werian wv.—— defend.
werod n.—— troop, army, force.
wesan v.—— be.
west av.—— westwards.
westdael m.—— western part, west.
weste aj.—— waste, desolate.
westseaxe m. pl.—— West Saxons, people of Wessex.
wit n.—— dwelling; pl.—— camp.
wician wv.—— (dwell); camp, be encamped.
wicing m.—— Viking, pirate (wic).
wicstow f. (often pl.)—— camp.
wicu f.—— week.
wid aj.—— wide.
wide av.—— widely, far and wide.
widewe f.—— widow.
gewieldan wv.—— overpower, conquer (wealdan).
wiell m.—— spring, fountain.
wiellan wv. tr.—— boil (weallan).
wiellgespring n.—— spring.
wielt—— see wealdan.
wierdan wv.—— injure, damage.
wierman wv.—— warm (wearm).
wierth—— see weorthan.
wierthe aj. with g.—— worthy, deserving (weorth).
wif n.—— woman; wife.
wifcynn n.—— female line.
wifmann m.—— woman.
wiht f.—— creature; thing.
wiht f.—— The Isle of Wight (l. uectis).
wihtware m. pl.—— people of Wight.
wildeor n.—— wild beast.
willa m.—— will, desire; hiera willum "of their own accord".
willan v.—— will, wish.
gewilnian wv. with g.—— desire.
win n.—— wine (l. uinum).
wind m.—— wind.
windan sv.—— wind.
wine m.—— friend.
wingeard m.—— vineyard.
gewinn n.—— warfare, conflict.
winnan sv.—— fight.
gewinnan sv.—— win, gain.
winter mn. (d. sg. wintra, nom. pl. winter)—— Winter; in reckoning
time—— year.
wintersetl n.—— Winter quarters.
wintertid f.—— Winter-time.
wis aj.—— wise.
wisdom m.—— wisdom, knowledge, learning.
wise f.—— (wise), way; matter, thing; usage, idiom.
wislic aj.—— wise, prudent.
gewissian wv. with d. or a.—— guide, direct.
gewisslic aj.—— certain, sure.
wissung f.—— guidance, direction.
wiste, wiston—— see witan.
wit—— see ic.
wita m.—— councillor, adviser, sage.
witan v.—— know.
gewitan sv.—— depart, go.
wite n.—— punishment.
witega m.—— prophet, sage.
witodlice av.—— truly, indeed; and (witan).
gewiton—— see gewitan.
gewitt n.—— wits, intelligence, understanding (witan).
with prp. with d. a.—— towards; hostility—— against; association,
sharing—— with; exchange, price for—— in consideration of; with
thaem the—— provided, on consideration, that.
withmetennes f.—— comparison (metan).
withsacan sv. with d.—— deny, renounce, forsake.
withstandan sv. with d.—— withstand, resist.
wlite m.—— beauty, splendour.
wod aj.—— mad.
wodlice av.—— madly.
woh n.—— wrong, error.
wolde, woldon—— see willan.
wop m.—— weeping (wepan).
word n.—— word; sentence; subject of talk, question, answer,
report.
worden—— see weorthan.
worht, -e, -on—— see wyrcan.
worpen—— see weorpan.
woruld f.—— world.
wos n.—— juice.
wrecan sv.—— avenge.
wregan wv.—— accuse, bring a charge against.
wringan sv.—— wring.
gewrit n.—— writing; letter (writan).
writan sv.—— write.
writere m.—— writer, scribe.
wudu m.—— wood.
wuldor n.—— glory.
wuldrian wv.—— glorify, extol.
wulf m.—— wolf.
wull f.—— wool.
gewuna m.—— habit, custom.
wund f.—— wound.
wundor n.—— wonder, miracle.
wundorlic aj.—— wonderful, wondrous.
wundorlice av.—— wonderfully, in a miraculous way.
wundrian wv. with g.—— wonder, marvel.
gewunelic aj.—— customary, habitual.
wunian wv.—— dwell, live; stay, continue (gewuna).
gewunnen—— see gewinnan.
wunung f.—— dwelling.
wurde, wurdon—— see weorthan.
wurpon—— see weorpan.
wynn f.—— joy.
gewyrcan wv.—— work, make; build; do, perform, carry out (weora).
wyrd f.—— fate.
wyrhta m.—— worker, labourer.
wyrm m.—— (worm), serpent.
wyrt f.—— herb, plant; crop.
wyrttruma m.—— root.
gewyscan wv. with g.—— wish (for).
Y
yfel n.—— evil, wrong.
yfel aj.—— evil, bad.
yfle av.—— badly.
ymb, ymbe prp. with a.—— around; time—— about; beon ymbe "have to
do with".
ymbaernan wv.—— travel round, circumnavigate.
ymbsittan sv.—— surround, besiege.
ymbutan av.—— round about.
yterra aj. cp.—— outer; sp.—— ytemest—— outermost, last (ut).
yth f.—— wave.
