Bernard's father, Edward Gilpin had eleven children by
two marriages, Gilpin’s mother, was Margaret Tunstall, Her
Uncle was the Bishop of Durham,
From Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
Bernard Gilpin (1517 – 4 March 1583), was an Oxford
theologian and then an influential clergyman in the
emerging Church of England spanning the reigns of Henry
VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth I. He was known as the
'Apostle of the North', for his work in the wilds of
northern England
~~~~~~~~~.
Oxford
He entered The Queen's College, Oxford in 1533,[5]
graduating Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1540, Master of Arts
(M.A.) in 1542 and Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) in 1549. He
was elected fellow of Queen's and ordained in 1542;
subsequently he was elected Student of Christ Church. He
was a diligent student of the writings of Erasmus.[6]
Marian Persecutions
However, at Oxford he first adhered to the conservative
side, and defended the doctrines of the church against the
Marian Persecutions, and in particular John Hooper, one of
the first four Marian Martyrs.[7]
Transubstantiation Debate
Peter Martyr, Pietro Martire Vermigli, a leading Italian
Reformer, was appointed to the chair of Divinity of
Oxford. In the course of his Lectures on 1st Corinthians
he attacked the Romish doctrine of transubstantiation. In
the subsequent debate opponents of Peter Martyr's view
included Bernard Gilpin, along with Doctors Tresham,
Chedsey and Morgan.[8]
Vicar of Norton
In November 1552 he was presented to the vicarage of
Norton, in the diocese of Durham. Persons appointed to
livings in Royal patronage at that time were required to
preach before the King, that there might be an opportunity
of ascertaining their orthodoxy.[9] Accordingly on the
first Sunday after Epiphany 1553 Gilpin went to Greenwich
to preach in the Royal presence. His sermon on sacrilege
is extant and displays the high ideal he had formed of the
clerical office.
General Licence to Preach
As a result of his sermon at Greenwich Gilpin obtained a
licence, through William Cecil, as a general preacher
throughout the kingdom as long as the King lived. This was
one of only twenty-two or twenty-three granted during the
reign of Edward VI.[10] His contemporary John Knox, later
a Presbyterian, was another. He was also a clergyman in
the Diocese of Durham, at Berwick-upon-Tweed and
Newcastle, between 1549 and 1554.
Foreign theological pursuits
On Mary's accession in 1553 he went abroad to pursue his
theological investigations at Leuven, Antwerp and Paris;
and from a letter dated 1554, we get a glimpse of the
quiet student rejoicing in an excellent library belonging
to a monastery of Minorites.
Archdeacon of Durham
Returning to England towards the close of Queen Mary's
reign, he was invested in 1556 by his mother's uncle,
Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of Durham, with the archdeaconry
of Durham, to which the rectory of Easington was annexed.
Rector of Houghton-le-Spring
The freedom of his attacks on the vices, and especially
the clerical vices, of his times excited hostility against
him, and he was formally brought before the bishop on a
charge consisting of thirteen articles. Tunstall, however,
in 1557 not only dismissed the case, but presented the
offender with the rich living of Houghton-le-Spring; and
when the accusation was again brought forward, he again
protected him.
Royal Warrant for Apprehension
Enraged at this defeat, Gilpin's enemies laid their
complaint before Edmund Bonner, bishop of London, who
secured a royal warrant for his apprehension. Upon this
Gilpin prepared for martyrdom; and, having ordered his
house-steward to provide him with a long garment, that he
might go the more comely to the stake, he set out for
London. Fortunately, however, for him, he broke his leg on
the journey, and his arrival was thus delayed till the
news of Queen Mary's death freed him from further danger.
He at once returned to Houghton-le-Spring, and there he
continued to labor.
See of Carlisle and Provostship of Queen's
When the Roman Catholic bishop was deprived in 1560 he was
offered the see of Carlisle; but he declined this honour.
He also declined the provostship of Queen's college,
Oxford, which was offered him in 1561.
Hospitality
At Houghton his course of life was a ceaseless round of
benevolent activity. In June 1560 he entertained Cecil and
Dr Nicholas Wotton on their way to Edinburgh. His
hospitable manner of living was the admiration of all. His
living was a comparatively rich one, his house was better
than many bishops palaces, and his position was that of a
clerical magnate. In his household he spent every
fortnight forty bushels of corn, twenty bushels of malt
and an ox, besides a proportional quantity of other kinds
of provisions. Strangers and travellers found a ready
reception; and even their horses were treated with so much
care that it was humorously said that, if one were turned
loose in any part of the country, it would immediately
make its way to the rector of Houghton.
Every Sunday from Michaelmas till Easter was a public day
with Gilpin. For the reception of his parishioners he had
three tables well covered, one for gentlemen, the second
for husbandmen, the third for day-laborers; and this piece
of hospitality he never omitted, even when losses or
scarcity made its continuance difficult.
Grammar School
He built and endowed a grammar-school at a cost of upwards
of £500, educated and maintained a large number of
poor children at his own charge, and provided the more
promising pupils with means of studying at the
universities. So many young people flocked to his school
that there was not accommodation for them in Houghton, and
he had to fit up part of his house as a boarding
establishment.
Visiting Neglected Parts of North of England
Grieved at the ignorance and superstition which the
remissness of the clergy permitted to flourish in the
neighboring parishes, he used every year to visit the most
neglected parts of Northumberland, Yorkshire, Cheshire,
Westmorland and Cumberland; and that his own flock might
not suffer, he was at the expense of a constant assistant.
Among his parishioners he was looked up to as a judge, and
did great service in preventing lawsuits amongst them. If
an industrious man suffered a loss, he delighted to make
it good; if the harvest was bad, he was liberal in the
remission of tithes.
Glove above Church Door
The boldness which he could display at need is well
illustrated by his action in regard to duelling. Finding
one day a challenge-glove stuck up on the door of a church
where he was to preach, he took it down with his own hand,
and proceeded to the pulpit to inveigh against the
unchristian custom. This is how Sir Walter Scott describes
it in his preface letter to The Death of the Laird's Jock
in August 1831.
Bernard Gilpin, the apostle of the
north, the first who undertook to preach the Protestant
doctrines to the Border dalesmen, was surprised, on
entering one of their churches, to see a gauntlet or
mail-glove hanging above the altar. Upon enquiring the
meaning of a symbol so indecorous being displayed in that
sacred place, he was informed by the clerk that the glove
was that of a famous swordsman, who hung it there as an
emblem of a general challenge and gage of battle, to any
who should dare to take the fatal token down. Reach it to
me, said the reverend churchman. The clerk and sexton
equally declined the perilous office, and the good Bernard
Gilpin was obliged to remove the glove with his own hands,
desiring those who were present to inform the champion
that he, and no other, had possessed himself of the gage
of defiance. But the champion was as much ashamed to face
Bernard Gilpin as the officials of the church had been to
displace his pledge of combat.
Gladstone's Tribute
His theological position was not in accord with any of the
religious parties of his age. William Ewart Gladstone
thought that the catholicity of the Anglican Church was
better exemplified in his career than in those of more
prominent ecclesiastics.
In a letter addressed to me[11] in
1888, Mr. Gladstone, whom I had asked in what sense he
understood the existence of a spiritual continuity between
the ancient Catholic Church and the existing Church of
England, replied, In the Elizabethan interval, and before
Anglicanism had a recognised existence as a form of
thought, I should look for the spiritual continuity in men
like Bernard Gilpin, as, before the Reformation, mainly in
men like Colet. Although this hardly involves continuity
in the sense in which the question was asked, the
conjunction of these two names strikes me as particularly
happy : for, while both of them were Catholic priests by
ordination, neither of them could he described as Roman in
their sympathies; indeed, it would be truer to say of both
that their tone of mind, as ecclesiastics and as
educationists, was more what would now he reckoned as
Anglican. And the name of Bernard Gilpin suggests the
lines on which a true, popular history of the Reformation
might be written. Born in 1517 and dying in 1583, ordained
in the reign of Henry VIII, selected to preach before
Edward VI, presented to an important benefice in the north
of England in the reign of Mary, and holding it until his
death, he might seem an obvious butt for satire on the
laxity of conscience in those who conformed throughout the
Reformation period. But a study of his life would tell a
very different tale, and show a man of deep Christian
convictions and unimpeachable honesty, deservedly held in
honour, not only by the conforming priests of whom he was
one, and who formed of course the great majority of the
clergy of the Church of England during the early years of
Elizabeth's reign, but also by the new men, ordained under
the new regime. An historical romance, based on the life
of Bernard Gilpin, concerning whom a good deal is known,
and illustrated, by a competent historical scholar, with
accurately stated incidents, in which the religious life
of the Reformation period should be depicted, as
graphically as Newman in Callista, or Pater in Marius the
Epicurean, deincted the growth of Christian ideas in the
early centuries of our era — such a book would certainly
go far to fill the vacant place to which at the outset I
referred; and might, in the guise of fiction, obtain a
wide circulation and popular acceptance, doing thus a
great service to the cause of historical truth.
He was not satisfied with the Elizabethan settlement, had
great respect for the Church fathers, and was with
difficulty induced to subscribe. The views of Archbishop
Sandys on the Eucharist horrified him; but on the other
hand he maintained friendly relations with Bishop
Pilkington and Thomas Lever, and the Puritans had some
hope of his support.
Death
Bernard Gilpin died on 4 March 1583 and his tomb is in
Houghton-le-Spring Church. He is featured in stained glass
in Liverpool's Anglican Cathedral.
George Carleton, Bishop of Chichester (1619–1628), was a
pupil of Bernard Gilpin at the Royal Kepier Grammar School
at Houghton-le-Spring. He published his Vita Bernardi
Gilpini in 1628. This was published in English in 1638 as
The Life of Bernard Gilpin along with the text of the
Sermon preached before Edward VI in 1552. The Reverend C.
S. Collingwood’s Memoirs of Bernard Gilpin was published
in 1884.
External links
Locally, Gilpin is renowned for his ox roasting practices
over Michaelmas (or Houghton Feast), when he would welcome
and feed his parishioners each Sunday from Michaelmas to
Easter.
Rector Bernard Gilpin
Rector Gilpin was stuck down by an ox in Durham Market
Place. He recovered sufficiently to leave his bed but that
accident had left him weakened. In February of 1583 he
became sick, and died shortly afterwards on the 4th of
March 1583, at the age of 66 years.
His Will, which he had made out in 1582 while the plague
was ravaging Houghton, was often displayed in Church
during Houghton Feast.
It is often incorrectly stated that Gilpin died in 1584.
Indeed the Victorian parishioners of St Michaels, ably led
by Rector John Grey, marked the tercentenary (300th)
anniversary a year out, in 1884 [see other article –
Gilpin Tercentenary Clock].
Traditionally, in the twentieth century, the Gilpin Tomb
would be adorned with evergreens for Houghton Feast, but
the custom disappeared for many years. However, in October
2001 the tomb was once again decorated and became the
location of the ‘Houghton Well Dressing’ for the duration
of the Feast. Indeed, the entire Church was brought to
life with warm colours and amazing scents for a special
Houghton Feast Flower Festival. The tranquillity of the
south transept was extended with the peaceful tinkling of
running water from the well.
Gilpin's Tomb
Although, this picture came from a different source, I
have to beleive it is the identical picture at: